Billion Packages in Live Ticker +++ 13:46 Wagenknecht Rails Against "War Bonds with a Green Label"
Wagon Boy Discusses "War Credits", BSW Finalizes Orders at 13:46
The chairwoman of the ALLIANCE, Sahra Wagenknecht, accuses the government of agreeing to "war bonds with a climate label." As she speaks, Interior Minister Nancy Faeser and Economics Minister Robert Habeck are seen chuckling on the government bench. "As long as they've agreed, even if it's the biggest nonsense!" Wagenknecht complaints. She brands the Greens "war-mongers" and hurls insults at them in her four-minute speech.
Wagenknecht insists that without a new election, the accusation that the new government lacks democratic legitimacy lingers in the air. She demands an "urgent" new election. "One way or another, I promise you: We will be back."
Politics Red Flags, Light Correction Official Result: BSW Falls Short of a Bundestag Seat
To make things clear about the term "war bonds," BSW representatives display posters after their speech that read "1914 like 2025: No to War Bonds." The BSW, who claimed they wouldn't be identified as a "left" party, aligns itself with the communists denounced by the Left. The SPD agreed to the war bonds in the Reichstag in 1914, an agreement that the Left still holds against the party.
The BSW MPs receive a rebuke for the posters. Deputy President Petra Pau indirectly threatens the group with expulsion: "You know what the consequences of a second rebuke would be." They then put away the posters. Displaying posters is prohibited in the Bundestag, regardless of content.
13:39 Brantner Chats with StroblWhile CSU MP Florian Oßner is speaking, Green Party chairwoman Franziska Brantner heads to the Bundesrat bench to chat with Baden-Württemberg's Interior Minister Thomas Strobl. The two converse animatedly. Brantner hails from the southwest as well.
13:30 Sparring Between von Storch and PellmannAfter a speech by Left MP Sören Pellmann, AfD politician Beatrix von Storch inquires as to why the Left did not support the AfD's proposal to convene the newly elected German Bundestag immediately. "History will judge that the 21st Bundestag should have been convened!" she exclaims.
Pellmann admits that the Left had indeed recommended this in the Eldest Council. However, it was rejected by the majority. Furthermore, the Left had "suggested addressing this issue in Karlsruhe." However, the Federal Constitutional Court decided that convoking the old Bundestag was acceptable. A second Left complaint was also dismissed by Karlsruhe. Thus, there was no other legal option.
13:21 Fricke Quotes Schiller, Not ShakespeareFDP politician Otto Fricke delivers what seems to be the final speech of an FDP representative in the German Bundestag. He acknowledges that today marks the ninth anniversary of the passing of the former FDP chairman and Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle. In his view, the debt ceiling should be abolished today, a stance he chides. During his speech, AfD politician Stephan Brandner interjects with a question: Brandner wants to know how the Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony-Anhalt states, governed by the FDP, will vote in the Bundesrat on Friday. He also states that he is looking forward to Fricke's closing Shakespeare quote.
Fricke reveals that Brandner has missed the mark: "Shakespeare is no longer referenced since the traffic light coalition ended; Schiller is quoted now." Regarding Brandner's actual question, Fricke clarifies that as a member of the Bundestag, he cannot speak for members of the Bundesrat. However, the FDP will act responsibly in the states. Fricke concludes with Schiller: "The law is the friend of the weak," he quotes, and adds: "But an over-indebted state can never be the friend of the weak."
13:11 Green politician delivers "farewell" speech"Sometimes I find it maddening," says the Green Party's finance spokesman Sven-Christian Kindler in a reflective speech. He refers to the war in Ukraine, Russia's cyber attacks, the "disingenuous propaganda" of the AfD for Russia, and issues in the U.S. with its foreign threats. "This authoritarian pincer movement from East and West is targeting the foundations of the European peace and security order."
Kindler will not be part of the next Bundestag, as he is stepping down at his own request. After his final speech, this is now his "farewell speech" in the Bundestag. He has been advocating for a reform of the debt ceiling for four legislative periods. Although not fully successful, he is "happy and proud" that his language will be incorporated into the Basic Law in the future. Kindler also thanks his fellow finance politicians, including FDP representative Otto Fricke, who will speak after him.
13:03 Bundestag not fully occupiedAs the debate progresses, most of the key speakers are addressed, and the significance of the speakers, determined by their offices, decreases. This is evident in the seating rows of the plenary, which have slightly thinned out. Some members of parliament may have left to discuss matters privately, as they will not be part of the next Bundestag.
12:52 FDP politician sees "irony of history"It's an "irony of history" that the Union and SPD, who have allowed the country's infrastructure to deteriorate and underspend on the military, now want to "go all-out," says FDP politician Alexander Müller.
12:50 Brugger: "Surprise, it was the Greens"Green Party defense representative Agnieszka Brugger reveals that the Union and SPD negotiated the resolutions upon which today's decisions are based solely due to the Greens. Contrary to their claims of self-proclaimed competence in security matters, "surprise, it was the Alliance 90/The Greens who tenaciously negotiated them in."
12:40 Strobl Praises Strengthening of "First Responder Family"After Schweitzer, the Baden-Württemberg interior minister Thomas Strobl of the CDU speaks. He praises the planned strengthening of civilian protection. The strengthening of the fire department, Technical Relief Agency, and other "first responder" members is a positive sign. This aspect was negotiated into the Basic Law by the Greens.
Live Streamntv Live Stream Now: Special Session in the Bundestag on Billion-Euro Package
12:34 Even a Minister-President SpeaksThe Rhineland-Palatinate minister-president Alexander Schweitzer also speaks in the Bundestag – he is entitled to do so, as the Basic Law also grants members of the Bundesrat the right to speak in the plenary. The SPD politician Schweitzer governs in Mainz with a coalition of the SPD, Greens, and FDP – a coalition known as the "Traffic Light Coalition." Whether his state will approve the Basic Law amendment on Friday in the Bundesrat is still up in the air. His speech can be interpreted as an appeal to the Rhineland-Palatinate FDP to make an agreement possible: The Basic Law amendment will also help the states to provide quality daycare centers, quality schools, and quality transportation infrastructure.
12:24 Gauland Sees Merz as "Continuation of Merkel's CDU"The former AfD leader Alexander Gauland declares that he left the CDU years ago because he couldn't bear Angela Merkel's "destruction of the CDU." He had hoped much from Merz's return, claims Gauland, but Merz has now become a "prisoner of left-green societal change." Gauland says that at times in the past, he had doubts about the AfD, but now he feels validated in his decision to found the party. "The Merz CDU is, since this week, a continuation of the Merkel CDU." It is not a farewell speech: The 84-year-old will also be a member of the next Bundestag.
12:15 Brantner Criticizes "Lagomorphism from Bavaria"Regardless of the agreement reached with the Union and SPD, despite the Union and SPD ministers still sitting on the government bench, the Greens are already in opposition mode. Green co-leader Franziska Brantner criticizes the Union and SPD's exploratory paper, which proposes tax breaks for the wealthy. In reference to Merkel, Brantner advocates a fiscal policy in the spirit of the "Swabian housewife." The Greens support the European Defense Union mentioned by Merz. "Mr. Merz, this could be your Adenauer moment," Brantner says. However, she has grave apprehensions that Merz can pull it off, as the future coalition has been characterized more by timidity and "machismo from Bavaria" so far.
12:00 Dobrindt: "If You Can't Defend Yourself, You'll Be Ignored and Attacked"CSU state chairman Alexander Dobrindt praises the compromise reached between the Union, SPD, and Greens: It was a "joint effort from the heart of this parliament." A significant journey was covered for this. The geopolitical situation demands strengthening the armed forces. "If you can't defend yourself, you'll be ignored by some and attacked by others." Economic stability is also crucial to ensuring security. Dobrindt dismisses the criticism of Britta Haßelmann. The Union has supported the coalition, for instance, with the special fund for the Bundeswehr. That the Zeitenwende was unsuccessful was due to "the disunity of the traffic light coalition," not the Union.
11:49 Pistorius: Security Threat Overrides Budget ConcernsDefense Minister Boris Pistorius of the SPD defends the swift action of the Union and SPD in making decisions. "Whoever hesitates today, whoever doesn't dare today, whoever thinks we can afford this debate for months, is denying reality." Addressing FDP parliamentary group leader Christian Dürr, Pistorius says, "We're not selling the future, as you claim in your religious zeal for the debt ceiling, we're securing the future for this country."
Pistorius explicitly commits to the partnership with the United States. The transatlantic partnership should be "balanced on two legs": the United States and Europe. In the future, "one simple sentence" should apply: "Security threat overrides budget concerns."
11:34 Chrupalla Asks: Where's Scholz?AfD party and parliamentary group leader Tino Chrupalla asks, "Where's Olaf Scholz, actually?" Scholz continues to lead the federal government's business. Scholz can be found sitting on the government bench, smiling, and not engaging in the debate. Then Chrupalla attempts to escalate. Merz lacks "backbone" and is "completely spineless." Merz is burdening "our children and grandchildren" with debt and might even send them to war.
11:30 Dürr Says "Goodbye"In his final words, Dürr expresses his conviction that there will be a "renaissance" of liberal politics in the coming years. He says it without bitterness, but it's paradoxical that the FDP will not be represented in the next Bundestag. Looking at the AfD, he says, "Some fight the state with hatred and mistrust of its institutions, and others threaten to embrace the state so much that it will be incapacitated for future generations." This is Dürr's final speech in the Bundestag; after the new Bundestag is constituted, the FDP will no longer be represented in parliament. In conclusion, he says, "I say heartfelt thanks – and goodbye."
11:19 FDP Parliamentary Group Leader: Merz Will Lead 'First Debt Coalition'FDP parliamentary group leader Christian Dürr claims that the debt ceiling will become "obsolete" as of today. The constitutional amendment is "the starting shot for unrestrained debt-making." Merz will not lead a "Grand Coalition" (GroKo), as it's called in German, but a "Debt Coalition" (SchuKo), "the first debt coalition of Germany."
Politics Future FDP Leader Dürr Wants to Follow Lindner's Path and Names a Main Opponent
11:15 Haßenmann Counters Left: Greens Can't Be BoughtHaßelmann accuses the Left of not being able to comprehend what it means "for all of us" that "the security and peace order in Europe is threatened as never before." She responds to accusations from the Left that the Greens have been "bought." Haßelmann forcefully rejects this.
11:06 Haßenmann lashes out at Merz: "That could make one feel ill"Green party leader Britta Haßelmann takes a stern stance against the CDU leader: "Mr. Merz, I must disagree with you," she begins her speech. The current conditions are no different from those in October last year. "We asked you to join us on this path. But instead of a categorical no, you rejected every proposal for reforming the debt ceiling – arguing that Germany doesn't have a problem with low revenues, but with high expenditures." Merz has defamed Green politicians; "and often with such arrogance and populism that it could make one feel ill." It's "damn bitter" that Merz "took a few weeks to see what was necessary." But this does not make it wrong. Investments are urgently needed; Germany has a responsibility for future generations. Merz engrossed in his papers while Haßelmann unfurls her criticism.
Regarding the reform of the debt ceiling for defense spending, Haßelmann says that even the unsavory scene in the Oval Office did not change everything. What Trump intended was clear beforehand.
Politics "Are These 'Special Circumstances'? Merz Defends the Billion-Dollar Debt Package - and Irritates the Greens"
10:55 Merz advocates for a European Defense CommunityMerz situates the planned constitutional amendment in a European context: "The decision we are making today for comprehensive defense readiness for our country cannot be any less than the first major step from Germany towards a new European Defense Community, which includes countries that are not members of the European Union but can and want to contribute significantly to European defense, such as Britain and the country of Norway."
Merz alludes to the Russian war of aggression as the cause. "It is a war against Europe, not just against Ukraine. It is a war also against our country, which takes place daily: with attacks on our data networks, with the destruction of supply lines, with contract killings in our country, with the espionage of barracks, with disinformation campaigns, with systematic deception and manipulation of our society, and with the attempt to divide and marginalize the European Union."
10:50 Merz corrects AfDMerz argues with the AfD that there is no new state objective of climate neutrality. The fact that the word is now mentioned in the Basic Law does not mean that it is now a state objective. "The inclusion of the word 'climate neutrality' in the purpose of investments in the Basic Law certainly does not create a new constitutional mandate. And even the mention of the year 2045 corresponds to the provisions of the German Climate Protection Act and numerous resolutions that we have already passed here in the German Bundestag." Merz has to interrupt his speech at the outset because the AfD member of parliament Stephan Brandner interrupts and receives a reprimand for it.
10:45 Klingbeil: No Disassembling of Workers' Rights with the SPDKlingbeil also indirectly criticizes Merz. Germany needs to be modernized. Reasons for constructing homes, engagement in associations should be fun again; it should not take years for projects to be implemented. But: "Whoever says state modernization and means the dismantling of workers' rights, makes a mistake and underestimates the German Social Democracy."
10:39 Klingbeil calls upcoming decision historicSPD leader Klingbeil says the proposals have a chance to spark a new dawn in Germany. "It's high time that this dawn succeeds."
Germany stands between Russia and an unpredictable America. Europe must take care of its own security, with Germany assuming a leadership role. Today's decisions are a signal that Germany will do everything necessary. Moreover, Germany is investing in its infrastructure and climate protection. "We are investing in the strength of our country."
The compromise reached between SPD, Union, and Greens is historic. It's also a signal to populists. Klingbeil hopes that in a few years, people will say, "We took a different path than many other countries." The decisions are about preventing the division of the country. Viewing the new debts as a burden for citizens is the wrong perspective. A burden are broken schools and inadequate infrastructure. "This package will relieve citizens," also the economy, and maintain peace in Europe.
10:34 Both motions to dismiss rejectedThe FDP's motion to dismiss the debate is rejected. As is the AfD's motion to dismiss the entire agenda item. Only the BSW votes for the AfD's motion. Thus, the actual debate on the constitutional amendment can begin. SPD leader Lars Klingbeil is the first speaker.
10:32 BSW Taunts the LeftBSW MP Jessica Tatti speaks of "war credits" that are to be approved today. She counters Christian Göhrke's attack with a counterattack. With their refusal to cooperate with the AfD, the Left's MPs "have missed a legal opportunity." "You didn't try because you'd rather accept the largest rearmament project in the history of the Federal Republic."
10:29 Left-wing MP attacks WagenknechtLeft MP Christian Göhrke unleashes a fierce attack on the Union. His party colleague Bodo Ramelow had already warned against the debt ceiling when it was introduced in the Bundestag. He accuses the Greens of "principled desertion." However, he also takes issue with the AfD and BSW. Addressing Sahra Wagenknecht directly, he says, "Dear Sahra, the fact that you not only support but also propagate this political nonsense shows me that you are completely lost with your political coordinates."
10:24 Greens say AfD wants to stir up "fascist stew"Green faction leader Irene Mihalic says her faction will not support this procedure. However, the Federal Constitutional Court has decided, "and that has to be accepted." The AfD is trying to use the rules of procedure to sow discord in this parliament. AfD leader Alice Weidel wants to stir up "her fascist stew" with her frontal attacks on the Federal Constitutional Court. The AfD's sole objective is to undermine the credibility of the parliament. Weidel had accused the Federal Constitutional Court of lacking neutrality.
Klingbeil casts doubt on the "special circumstances" the Union and SPD invoke to warrant the extraordinary session, and notes the importance of holding the session in compliance with the rules. He supports the decision to amend the constitution to introduce flexibly manageable investments, but stresses that this must be undertaken in a democratic and responsible manner. Klingbeil further emphasizes the need to ensure that the reform does not lead to further polarization and threatens to undermine democratic stability in the country.
SPD leader Klingbeil criticizes the Union and SPD for attempting to introduce the amendments without respecting parliamentary procedure or giving adequate attention to the concerns of the opposition parties. He stresses that while he supports the ultimate goal of enhancing Germany's defense capabilities, the proposed measures must be evaluated in the context of the long-term financial implications and social consequences for the German people. Klingbeil argues that the debate should not be rushed, and that the Bundestag must prioritize ensuring a thorough, impartial, and transparent discussion of the matter.
Haßelmann counters the accusation made by the Left that the Greens have "sold out" and compromised their principles. She insists that the Greens' priorities remain navigating the urgent security challenges in Europe, modernizing the German economy, and advancing climate policy. Haßelmann claims that the Left continues to cling to outdated ideals and dismisses their narrow-minded approach to politics. She maintains that the Greens' partnership with the Union and SPD will enable them to make headway on these critical issues and create a brighter future for Germany.
While acknowledging the role of the Left and AfD in the proceedings, FDP parliamentary group leader Christian Dürr reserves his critique for the Union and SPD, accusing them of acting in an irresponsible and reckless manner. He emphasizes that the extraordinary session constitutes a violation of parliamentary norms, and that the proposed constitutional amendments amount to an unprecedented expansion of government power and a clear-cut betrayal of the principle of intergenerational fairness.
Thorsten Frei, leader of the Union faction in the Bundestag, defends the proposed constitutional amendments and the decision to convene the extraordinary session. He argues that the extraordinary circumstances necessitate swift action to secure Germany and Europe against external threats. Frei maintains that the amendments strike a balance between the imperative of enhancing Germany's defense capabilities and the need to respect democratic process and protect the interests of future generations. He dismisses concerns about the potential financial and social implications of the amendments, arguing that they are unfounded and overly alarmist.
During the debate, several MPs take to the floor to voice their opinions on the proposed constitutional amendments. Some support the changes, while others express reservations or offer criticisms. Ultimately, the Bundestag must vote on the amendments, and a two-thirds majority is required for them to pass. According to some reports, the vote is expected to take place in the coming days, with the outcome remaining uncertain.
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Historical Context of "War Loans"
The term "war loans" has a long history, dating back to when governments borrowed money to finance military endeavors. Historically, war loans were often used by governments to raise funds for military campaigns, with the expectation that these loans would be repaid after the conflict ended. This practice was common during both World War I and World War II.
In the context of World War I, the United States initially maintained neutrality but eventually entered the war. The U.S. provided financial support to the Allies through loans, which were later repaid using German reparations as part of the Dawes and Young Plans[5]. These plans aimed to stabilize the German economy and manage reparations payments.
During World War II, the U.S. supplied its allies with aid under the Lend-Lease Act, which provided supplies without immediate repayment, emphasizing mutual defense rather than financial gain[1]. However, traditional war loans were more common in earlier conflicts.
The Debate in Germany and the Concept of "War Loans"
Today, the term "war loans" is being debated in Germany in relation to a proposed constitutional reform aimed at increasing defense spending. This reform would allow Germany to exceed its debt limit for military spending, which is part of a broader effort to enhance its defense capabilities in response to geopolitical tensions, particularly with Russia[2].
The BSW, a small left-leaning party, has voiced strong criticisms against these measures, calling them "war loans." They argue that these financial commitments may lead to increased military intervention and potential escalation of conflicts. Critics also point out that the proposed reforms bypass democratic norms and lack adequate oversight mechanisms. Supporters of the reform argue that it is necessary to guarantee national security and address the changed geopolitical environment.
The Legacy of World War I and the Parallels Drawn to Today
In World War I, the concept of war loans was associated with massive government borrowing to finance the war effort. Germany accumulated debt more rapidly than any other major powers and struggled to repay its war debt after the war, leading to the introduction of the "Dawes Plan" and the "Young Plan," which eased the burden but added to the political and economic instability of the Weimar Republic[4].
Today, some critics draw parallels between the current situation and the lead-up to World War I, with an emphasis on the potential dangers of escalating defense spending without adequate public debate, democratic oversight, or a clear understanding of the long-term financial and social implications.
Criticism of the Union and SPD
Although the SPD, the Greens, and the Union have negotiated the proposed reforms, the Leadership of the SPD and the Union have faced criticism from their own ranks and from opposition parties. Members of the SPD, particularly those representing traditionally socialist and working-class districts, have expressed reservations about the reforms, fearing that voters may see the SPD as abandoning its progressive roots.
The FDP, a liberal party, has accused the Union and SPD of shirking their responsibility by resorting to extraordinary measures and circumventing democratic process. They argue that the proposed reforms amount to a violation of the principle of intergenerational fairness by leaving future generations with the burden of extensive public debt.
Current Debate and the Future of the Proposed Reforms
The Bundestag and Bundesrat must approve the proposed constitutional amendments with a two-thirds majority. The outcome remains uncertain, with some members expressing reservations and sizable dissenting blocs within the SPD, Greens, and Union. The debate is expected to continue in the coming days as the Bundestag and Bundesrat prepare to vote on the amendments. The outcome of this process will have significant implications for Germany's future defense capabilities and domestic political landscape.
Additional Context
The proposed constitutional amendments would need to be ratified by a two-thirds majority in both the Bundestag and Bundesrat [3]. The SPD, the Greens, and the Union are expected to constitute a majority in both bodies, but the coalition may face challenges securing the support of all of its members. The FDP, a liberal party, has previously indicated that it may not support the measures, citing concerns about the financial and social implications.
In addition to the constitutional amendments, the proposed reforms would require additional legislation to enact changes to the budget framework and allocate funds for increased defense spending [2]. These measures will also undergo debate and require approval by the Bundestag and Bundesrat before they can take effect.
The European Council and the military alliance NATO have expressed support for Germany's efforts to enhance its defense capabilities [2]. However, critics argue that Germany's actions may not be sufficient to address the security challenges posed by Russia and other nations. Some analysts have suggested that Germany should consider investing more in its military capabilities, while others advocate for closer collaboration with European partners and the United States to maintain collective security.
Military spending is a contentious issue for many Germans, who prioritize social welfare and development programs over defense expenditures [1]. The proposed reforms come at a time of economic uncertainty, as Germany struggles with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and faces rising energy costs. Critics argue that the country should prioritize addressing these pressing social and economic concerns before committing to increased defense spending.
Bulgaria to Pay 165 Million Dollars for Russian Gas Right Now
The Bulgarian government has reached an agreement with Russia's Gazprom to make an advanced payment of approximately $165 million for the country's gas supply. This payment is aimed at ensuring the uninterrupted flow of gas during the winter season. The payment, amounting to 415 million levs, will be made before January 10, 2023.
Bulgaria has been reliant on Russian gas for over half of its total consumption. In recent months, the country has been struggling to secure gas supplies from other sources due to the ongoing energy crisis caused by fluctuations in global gas prices and disruptions in supply chains.
Bulgaria's government has faced increasing pressure from households and businesses amidst soaring energy prices and concerns about potential shortages. In response, the government has recently approved a measure allowing public institutions to delay energy payments to address their financial difficulties.
The decision to make the advanced payment to Gazprom has sparked criticism from some Bulgarian officials and opposition parties, who argue that Bulgaria should seek alternative suppliers to reduce its dependence on Russia and mitigate potential future price volatility. Critics have also highlighted the overall trend of growing energy interdependence between Bulgaria and Russia, which may create potential vulnerabilities for the country.
However, the government has emphasized the urgency of maintaining gas supplies during the winter season and the need to prioritize the interests of households and businesses. Prime Minister Galab Donev has justified the decision by stating that it is necessary to protect the energy security of Bulgaria and its people. He also noted that the sealed deal with Gazprom includes a provision for potential future discounts.
In response to concerns about energy dependency on Russia, the government has announced plans to diversify Bulgaria's energy mix by ramping up investment in renewable energy sources and looking for new suppliers from the European Union and neighboring countries. The government has also expressed a desire to participate in the construction of the TurkStream gas pipeline, which would transport natural gas from Russia to southern and southeastern Europe via the Black Sea.
Bulgaria's decision to pay $165 million to Gazprom for gas amidst the ongoing energy crisis and geopolitical tensions highlights the complexities of the global energy market and the challenges faced by countries as they strive to secure stable energy supplies while protecting the interests of their citizens.
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Recent Energy Crisis in Europe
The ongoing energy crisis in Europe is largely driven by several factors, including a sharp increase in global gas prices, significant supply disruptions from key producers like Russia, and the phasing out of coal-fired power plants in line with the European Union's goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050 [1].
Russia has been a primary supplier of natural gas to Europe for decades, and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine has increased tensions between the two regions, leading to concerns about potential future supply disruptions [2]. In recent years, there have been efforts to diversify Europe's energy sources and reduce dependence on Russian gas, but progress has been slow [3].
The crisis has led to widespread energy price hikes and potential shortages across Europe, prompting governments and energy companies to implement various measures aimed at mitigating the impact on households and businesses. These measures include stockpiling natural gas reserves, increasing government subsidies for energy-intensive industries, and imposing price caps on electricity and gas [1].
Critics argue that Europe's reliance on Russian gas can create vulnerabilities for the continent, as it may expose European countries to potential political manipulation or supply disruptions [2]. In response, efforts to reduce energy interdependence on Russia and diversify sources have accelerated, with plans to increase investment in renewable energy sources, look for new suppliers within the European Union, and develop new pipelines to transport natural gas from other regions [3].
Impact on Bulgaria
Bulgaria is one of the most heavily reliant European countries on Russian gas, with over half of the country's total gas consumption sourced from Russia [4]. As a result, the ongoing energy crisis has hit Bulgaria particularly hard, with households and businesses facing skyrocketing energy bills and concerns about potential shortages during the winter season [5].
In recent months, the Bulgarian government has faced pressure to address the energy crisis and find alternative sources of gas to reduce the country's dependence on Russia. However, efforts to develop new gas sources have been slow, leaving Bulgaria largely reliant on Russian supplies [4].
The decision to make an advanced payment of $165 million to Gazprom has been met with criticism from some Bulgarian officials and opposition parties, who argue that the government should seek alternative suppliers to reduce the country's dependence on Russia and mitigate potential future price volatility [5]. Critics have also highlighted the overall trend of growing energy interdependence between Bulgaria and Russia, which may create potential vulnerabilities for the country.
In response to these concerns, the government has stated that the advanced payment will ensure the uninterrupted flow of gas during the winter season and help protect the energy security of Bulgaria and its people [5]. The government has also announced plans to diversify Bulgaria's energy mix by ramping up investment in renewable energy sources and looking for new suppliers from the European Union and neighboring countries [5].
Bulgaria and the TurkStream Gas Pipeline
The TurkStream gas pipeline is a planned undersea natural gas pipeline that will transport natural gas from Russia to southern and southeastern Europe via the Black Sea. The pipeline consists of two lines, with a total capacity of approximately 31.5 billion cubic meters per year [6].
Bulgaria has expressed interest in participating in the construction of the TurkStream pipeline as a means of diversifying its energy sources and potentially reducing its dependence on Russian gas prices. The Bulgarian government has signed a memorandum of understanding with Russia's Gazprom regarding the construction of the pipeline and has also submitted an application for ownership in the project [7].
However, some critics argue that the TurkStream pipeline is part of a broader effort by Russia to increase its energy influence in Europe and may not provide significant benefits to Bulgaria or address the underlying issues driving the current energy crisis [8]. The pipeline's construction is also subject to political and market developments, as well as potential concerns about environmental impact and compliance with European regulations [7].
As Bulgaria grapples with the ongoing energy crisis and seeks to secure stable energy supplies, the government's decision to pay $165 million to Gazprom and its possible participation in the TurkStream pipeline highlight the complexities of the global energy market and the challenges faced by countries as they strive to balance their energy security needs with geopolitical considerations.
Additional Context
The European Union has been working to address the energy crisis in several ways. In October 2021, the European Commission proposed a European Solidarity Mechanism aimed at supporting Member States experiencing financial difficulties as a result of the crisis [9]. The mechanism would provide loans, grants, and investment guarantees to help countries cope with high energy prices and potential shortages.
The European Union has also taken steps to increase energy efficiency, reduce emissions, and invest in renewable energy sources as part of its broader efforts to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 [3]. In addition, the EU has been working to diversify its energy sources, with plans to increase cooperation with countries like the United States, Norway, and Egypt, as well as invest in liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals and new pipeline infrastructure [3].
The crisis has also highlighted the role of electricity prices in driving the overall energy market, as some countries have taken measures to cap electricity prices or subsidize energy-intensive industries. For example, in August 2021, Germany introduced a plan to subsidize industrial gas consumers by up to €500 million per month [10].
The Bulgarian government has announced plans to provide financial aid to households struggling with high energy bills, with a focus on low-income families and vulnerable groups [11]. The aid is expected to amount to €160 million and will be targeted at helping families with multiple children, single-parent families, and families with permanently disabled members.
The energy crisis has underscored the need for countries like Bulgaria to reevaluate their energy policies and strike a balance between energy security, economic considerations, and environmental goals. Moving forward, it is likely that Bulgaria will continue to explore options for diversifying its energy sources, investing in renewables, and reducing dependence on Russian gas.
Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey to Step Down, Be Replaced by Parag Agrawal
Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey announced on Monday that he will be stepping down from his role, effective immediately. Dorsey will be replaced by Parag Agrawal, Twitter's current Chief Technology Officer (CTO), who will assume the role of CEO.
Dorsey co-founded Twitter in 2006 and served as the company's CEO until October 2008, stepping down in favor of Evan Williams. Dorsey returned to the CEO position in 2015, following the ousting of Dick Costolo. Dorsey has also been the CEO of Square, a financial services company he co-founded in 2009.
In a statement, Dorsey expressed his gratitude for the opportunity to lead Twitter for the past six years and stated that he believes the company is ready to move on from its founders. He highlighted Agrawal's leadership, dedication, and passion for Twitter as key factors in making this decision.
Agrawal, who has been with Twitter since 2011, has served as CTO since 2017. In a tweet confirming the news, Agrawal thanked Dorsey for his leadership and support, and vowed to build on Twitter's momentum and make it the "best it can be."
The announcement comes as Twitter is under increased pressure to address content moderation issues, misinformation, and hate speech on its platform. The company has faced criticism for its hands-off approach to moderating content, as well as its decision to permanently suspend former President Donald Trump from the platform in January 2021.
Twitter has said that it has made significant improvements in content moderation over the past year, hiring thousands of people to review and remove harmful content. The company has also implemented new policies aimed at reducing the spread of misinformation and promoting healthy conversation on the platform.
Agrawal's promotion is seen as a sign that Twitter is looking to move away from its founders and focus on building a more inclusive and responsible social media platform. Agrawal, who is of Indian descent, will be the first person of color to serve as CEO of a major US social media company.
The impact of Dorsey's departure on Twitter's overall direction remains unclear. However, some analysts suggest that Agrawal's appointment reflects a shift towards a more technical and product-focused approach, as Agrawal has a background in computer science and has overseen Twitter's technology and product development efforts.
Twitter's stock price has been on a rollercoaster ride over the past year, with the company's market value dropping by more than half in the immediate aftermath of Trump's suspension. However, the company has since experienced a resurgence, with its stock price up more than 50% year-to-date.
Agrawal's appointment will prevent a power struggle between Dorsey and Twitter COO Antonia Boudreau, who some analysts had speculated may have been in Line for the CEO role if Dorsey stepped down. Boudreau, who has been with Twitter since 2015, has previously served as the company's general counsel and head of litigation.
It is still uncertain how the change in CEO will affect Twitter's ongoing efforts to address content moderation and battling misinformation on its platform. However, Agrawal's focus on technology and product development may lead to new innovations and features that improve the user experience and make Twitter a more welcoming and inclusive platform for all users.
Enrichment Data:
Twitter's Use in Social Movements and Political Discourse
Twitter has played a significant role in facilitating social movements and political discourse for more than a decade. Its real-time, public, and easy-to-use nature has made it an essential tool for activists, journalists, and politicians around the world.
During the Arab Spring in 2010-2011, Twitter was used extensively by activists in Egypt, Tunisia, Syria, and Libya to organize protests, share information, and rally supporters. The platform played a similar role during the 2014 Euromaidan protests in Ukraine and the 2017 Women's March in the United States.
Twitter has also been used by politicians and candidates to communicate with their constituents and shape political narratives. In the 2016 US Presidential Election, for example, both Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton used Twitter extensively to engage with the public and criticize their opponents.
However, Twitter's use in political discourse has not been without controversy. The platform has been criticized for enabling the spread of misinformation, hate speech, and harassment. Twitter has faced particular scrutiny for its hands-off approach to content moderation and its failure to adequately address ongoing issues of platform manipulation and foreign interference in elections.
Twitter has taken some steps to address these concerns, such as expanding its content moderation efforts and implementing new policies aimed at reducing the spread of disinformation. However, the platform continues to face criticism and calls for increased transparency and accountability.
Twitter's Financial Performance
Twitter has struggled financially in recent years, with flat user growth and slowing revenue growth. The company's market capitalization has fallen from a peak of over $50 billion in 2015 to around $15 billion at present.
Twitter's financial performance has been impacted by several factors, including increased competition from other social media platforms, a relatively small user base, and struggles to monetize its content. In recent years, Twitter has experimented with new revenue streams, such as live video, sponsored content, and partnerships with media companies.
In its most recent earnings report, Twitter reported a net loss of $22 million for the third quarter of 2021, compared to a net income of $81 million in the same period last year. The company's revenue grew by 37% year-over-year, reaching $1.28 billion for the quarter. Twitter's active user base grew by 6% year-over-year, reaching an average monthly active user count of 211 million for the quarter.
Twitter's Future
It remains uncertain what the future holds for Twitter under Agrawal's leadership. Agrawal's focus on technology and product development suggests that he may prioritize innovations that improve the user experience and make Twitter more competitive with other social media platforms.
However, Twitter will continue to face ongoing challenges related to its content moderation policies, political influence, and financial performance. The company will need to navigate a complex environment that includes heightened scrutiny from regulators, ongoing competition from other platforms, and evolving user expectations.
Some analysts suggest that Twitter may look to further diversify its revenue streams, such as securing more content licensing deals and expanding its advertising offerings. The company may also invest in initiatives aimed at increasing user engagement and retention, such as building new features or partnering with influential creators and publishers.
Overall, Twitter's future is uncertain, but Agrawal's appointment suggests that the company is seeking to move forward with a renewed focus on technology and a commitment to building a more responsible and inclusive platform.
Sahra Wagenknecht, chairwoman of the ALLIANCE, has been advocating for an "urgent" new election and brands the Greens as "war-mongers" due to their agreement on "war bonds with a climate label."
Wagenknecht's party, the BSW, aligns itself with the communists and receives a rebuke for displaying posters in the Bundestag that read, "No to War Bonds." BSW MPs were indirectly threatened with expulsion by Deputy President Petra Pau.
In the plenary, Green Party defense representative Agnieszka Brugger reveals that it was the Greens themselves who tenaciously negotiated the resolutions upon which decisions are based. Despite the Union and SPD negotiating the resolutions, it was the Greens who played a significant role in their creation.
