Unraveling an Intractable Connection: Exploring the Likelihood of the Taliban Maintaining links with Al-Qaeda
In a meeting that took place before the US-Taliban war, a US political officer warned Jalaluddin Haqqani, a prominent Taliban leader, about the consequences of harbouring Osama bin Laden and his associates. The warning was issued in May 1999, during a meeting in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Haqqani, however, acknowledged the problem of bin Laden's status but insisted that it was not an easy issue. His stance was a reflection of the Taliban's complex relationship with al-Qaeda, an association that has remained robust despite numerous US entreaties and international pressures.
The Afghan Taliban chose not to renounce al-Qaeda after the US invasion, instead maintaining a close alliance with the terrorist group. This decision has raised concerns among many analysts and policymakers who fear that the Taliban leadership may fail to uphold their minimal guarantees not to let al-Qaeda plot against the United States after an American withdrawal.
Al-Qaeda's approach contrasts sharply with that of ISIS, especially ISIS's Afghanistan branch, which is dismissive of the Taliban's ideological standing and political status in Afghanistan. However, the Taliban sees al-Qaeda as an important partner in its stewardship of global jihad and views the Taliban's leader as the 'caliph-in-waiting.'
In 2020, the Taliban signed an agreement with the US government in Doha, Qatar, committing to restraining jihadist groups, including al-Qaeda, from organizing international terrorism from Afghanistan. However, as of now, there are no signs that the Taliban is planning any major crackdown on al-Qaeda or any other group with foreign fighters with whom it has collaborated inside Afghanistan.
Some parts of the Taliban oppose al-Qaeda, but their political influence on the group's elite decision making does not appear to be substantial. Other Taliban senior leaders, such as Sirajuddin Haqqani, openly seek the support of jihadist constituencies in the Middle East.
The US government, despite its efforts, has not been successful in persuading the Taliban to sever ties with al-Qaeda. Even during the latter half of the Trump administration, the bureaucratic lobby that remained in the driving seat of US policy toward Afghanistan showed remarkable flexibility in the final end-state on the al-Qaeda question.
This complex relationship between the Taliban and al-Qaeda is a significant concern for the US government, as it poses a threat to international security. The Taliban's continued alliance with al-Qaeda, despite the Doha agreement, indicates that the US government still has a long way to go in ensuring that Afghanistan does not become a breeding ground for global terrorism once again.
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