The Operational Mechanics Behind Professional Clowning
Clowning, a beloved form of entertainment dating back at least to the 16th century, has evolved through the ages and continues to captivate audiences today. The word "clown," derived from a German term meaning "country bumpkin," has come to symbolize joy, laughter, and a welcome distraction from life's stresses.
One of the most iconic figures in clowning history is Joseph Grimaldi, a lead performer in Regency England's pantomimes. Grimaldi is credited with inventing the classic clown character in the early 19th century, a role that would later be known as "Joey" in his character's honour. Grimaldi's clown character, renowned for its energy, parody of contemporary figures, and battles with animated vegetable-men, left a lasting impact on the world of clowning.
Clowning has played various roles in different cultures. In Native North American societies, ritual clowning was so deeply intertwined with social traditions that practitioners were often considered shamans and held high status in their communities. In contrast, in some Indian courts, the official jester was a Brahmin, a member of the highest social order. Chinese jesters like Twisty Pole, Baldy Chunyu, and Moving Bucket remain legends.
The Japanese variant of the clown, the Taikomochi, evolved historically as a male entertainer and storyteller associated with the samurai class during the Edo period. Meanwhile, in Europe, court jesters have played vital cultural roles, with the official court jester giving way to the onstage buffoon. Grimaldi's invention of the clown didn't occur in a vacuum, as it came out of the Commedia dell'Arte tradition.
Today, clowning continues to serve a purpose beyond entertainment. Medical clowns work in hospitals, using humor to alleviate stress during diagnosis and treatment. They do not go to work to heal the image of their profession, but to make people laugh and forget their cares. The University of Haifa in Israel offers a bachelor's degree in medical clowning.
Clown Without Borders is another organisation that uses the power of laughter to bring joy to children in conflict regions around the world. Jobs in clowning are still available, although membership in the World Clown Association has dropped by a third in recent years.
In the realm of professional circus performance, salaries for Cirque du Soleil performers range from $45,000 to $200,000 per year and come with impressive benefits including health, dental, and life insurance. For aspiring clowns, the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Clown College requires an audition DVD displaying facial expressions, athleticism, comedy, and personality.
As we look back at the history of clowning, it's clear that this art form has not only provided laughter and entertainment but has also played a significant role in various cultures and societies. From the ancient rituals of Native North Americans to the modern medical clowns of today, clowning continues to bring joy and relief to people around the world.
