The Growth of Running Transformation: Exploring the Transition of a Physical Activity into a Cultural Phenomenon
Running: The Wave that Swept Through Cultures and Lives
Amanda Ro Rossitsa Mina Petrova
Running, once a niche activity, has become an integral part of many individuals' lives, transforming from an elite sport to a popular hobby. The rush of accomplishment after a successful marathon, as New Yorkers discovered in 1970, is now a sensation experienced by numerous enthusiasts globally.
Organized by New York Road Runners, the first New York City marathon featured 127 runners, but only 55 crossed the finish line. Fast forward to the 2024 edition, and the number of finishers quadrupled, reaching 55,646. The rise of marathon running is apparent, as even casual runners eagerly take up the challenge, finding it challenging and rewarding. Yet, scoring a spot in a marathon is highly competitive, demonstrating the sport's growing influence.
The distinction between a competitive athlete and an avid runner gradually blurred, with the latter term expanding to encompass anyone who enjoys running frequently. However, the average marathon time has increased over the years, indicating that runners are growing slower, not faster. The increase in popularity corresponds to the growth in the number of participants, not in the quantity of talented runners. Instead, running has evolved into a leisure activity.
People have been drawn to running due to its various advantages, both physical and psychological. Running improves cardiovascular health, builds muscle, and aids in weight management. Moreover, it provides a platform for stress management and mood improvement.
While legs propel a runner forward, minds wander in diverse directions. Some employ running as a form of meditation, a means to relax and find solace in overwhelming circumstances. The rhythmic and repetitive motion can provide a tranquil and stabilizing experience, providing structure and balance to one's life.
Take Jody Kaplan, who started running in 2021. "When I run, my mind focuses on the music I am listening to. It's crucial that the music I run with is enjoyable because that's what I'm focusing on," she shares. Meanwhile, Lemuel Colon uses music to boost his motivation. "I listen to fast and uplifting songs. I synchronize my pace with the rhythm of the music, using it as a driving force to motivate me," he explains.
Wondering what occurs during a run? The body undergoes changes—heart rate increases, breathing becomes heavier, and endorphins are released. Running is more than physiological; it's psychological too, often serving as a mental test of endurance rather than physical exhaustion.
Olympic athlete Sifan Hassan made history in the 2024 Paris Olympics, earning medals in the 5,000-meter, 10,000-meter, and marathon races within the span of a week. Despite the arduous schedule, Hassan utilized a unique scientific approach to her training. She tailored workouts based on her cortisol levels, enhancing her adaptation to stress, recovery, and maintaining high performance levels.
The science behind running is fascinating, revealing the intricate processes that take place when we put one foot in front of the other. Running is far more than simply covering a distance—it's a battle of the mind and body, an exercise in perseverance.
The appeal of running transcends racial and gender boundaries. Originally a male-dominated sport, modern running is increasingly diverse, with women making significant strides. In the 2024 New York City Marathon, 55.34% of finishers were men, while 44.45% were women—a testament to women's growing representation in the sport.
Girls on the Run is a program designed for young girls, encouraging them to embrace running and self-awareness to foster beneficial habits. The program aims to enhance girls' self-confidence, teaching them crucial life skills and lessons in a supportive environment.
Running has made connections easier, as runners use apps like Strava to share their achievements with friends, fostering supportive communities and healthy competition. Runners can track their progress, post accurate locations and times, and even receive kudos and comments from peers. Running in groups is also popular, with running clubs and groups thriving in today's social landscape.
Now a more expensive hobby than ever, running requires investment in specialized running shoes and coaching, not to mention fueling the body with nutritious food. From its humble beginnings as a free sport involving nothing more than a pair of running shoes and an open space, running has grown into a potentially costly pursuit.
First shoes were nonexistent, as people ran barefoot until the late 1800s, when the first shoe specifically designed for running was invented. In the present, professional athletes wear specialized spikes to maximize speed, while runners of all levels can enjoy various shoe styles and brands.
Ultimately, the evolution of running in recent times has redefined the sport, making it more accessible and rewarding for individuals of all backgrounds. Though advanced technologies dominate modern running, the core essence of running—the simple act of putting one foot in front of the other—remains unchanged, promoting a productive and uplifting activity for all.
The Rise and Transformation of Marathon Running
Amanda Ro Rossitsa Mina Petrova
The popularity of marathon running has skyrocketed since its inception, influenced by cultural shifts, increased accessibility, and recognized health benefits.
The Running Boom: 1960s–1970sParticipation in endurance events, like the Boston Marathon, grew exponentially during the 1960s and 1970s. The number of participants went from 197 runners in 1960 to over 1,300 by 1969. The growth of female participation notably almost doubled between 1976 and 1977, showcasing increased gender diversity in the sport[2].
Qualifying Standards and Field SizesAs interest and participation grew, race organizers adjusted qualifying times to balance race sizes and quality. For instance, the Boston Marathon tightened its qualifying time from a 4:00-hour standard in 1970 to 3:30 by 1971, aiming to maintain manageable fields while preserving competitive standards[2].
Continued ExpansionIn recent decades, running and jogging have become mainstream recreational activities. In 2023, over 48 million people in the U.S. participated in running or jogging at least once annually, reflecting both casual runners and marathon participants[1]. Major marathons worldwide, such as New York, Boston, and London, consistently attract thousands of runners annually[1].
Record Performances and ProfessionalizationAdvances in training, nutrition, and sports science have led to improved marathon performance records, with world records being broken and re-set in recent years. This professionalization has increased visibility and inspired amateur participation[3].
Physical and Mental Health Benefits-Cardiovascular Health: Marathon training improves cardiovascular endurance, reducing the risk of heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes.
-Mental Health: Running is known to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, contributing to overall psychological well-being.
-Community Spirit: Marathon events foster a sense of camaraderie and community among runners of all levels.
-Economic Value: Major marathon events generate significant economic value for host cities through tourism, sponsorship, and related industries, encouraging the growth of such events[4].
In summary, the surge in marathon popularity, from the 1970s to the present, is due to cultural acceptance, increased inclusivity, advanced athletic standards, and the recognition of physical and mental health benefits. This transformation has transformed marathon running into a global phenomenon encompassing millions of people annually[1][2].
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Amanda Ro Rossitsa Mina Petrova
The surge in marathon popularity can also be attributed to the rise in sports’ coverage in news media, as more people are exposed to inspiring stories and accomplishments.
The increase in photography's accessibility and quality has further contributed to the growth of marathon running, allowing runners to document their journey and share it with the world.
stomp, rally, roar, applaud, cheer
Hordes of spectators can be seen at major marathons, stamping, rallying, roaring, applauding, and cheering runners on, providing a memorable and energizing atmosphere.
