Strengthening Vulnerable Sectors of National Defense
In recent years, the United States has accelerated efforts to improve the capacity of police and military forces in fragile states, viewing these nations as reservoirs of insecurity following the 9/11 attacks. This strategy, known as Security Sector Assistance (SSA), has become a significant component of the U.S.'s approach to global engagement.
The effectiveness of SSA in fragile states hinges on two critical factors: strategy and implementation. A recent study indicates that SSA fails in the absence of minimal state capacity and societal inclusiveness. Minimal state capacity is a prerequisite for successful SSA, ensuring that the provided assistance is not squandered due to a lack of institutional structure.
The proliferation of actors, sprawling authorities, and conflicting objectives makes it difficult to provide an accurate account of the scale of America's SSA. U.S. security assistance and security cooperation involve multiple U.S. agencies, as recognised in the most recent presidential directive on security sector assistance (PPD-23).
SSA encompasses law enforcement support in addition to military support, as only 1 in 5 violent deaths worldwide are now caused by civil or interstate war. In Guatemala, more people die violently today than during any year of the 36-year civil war, contributing to the surge of forcibly displaced Central Americans on U.S. borders.
Improving SSA implementation is crucial for effectiveness. Changes to SSA strategy are necessary for improved effectiveness. The U.S. is increasingly relying on SSA, spending an estimated $18.5 billion on it in 2014, which is two to three times more than it did 20 years ago.
The U.S. approach to global engagement involves building the capacity of partner states, particularly fragile ones, to address crises without directly committing troops. In fragile states, minimal state capacity and societal inclusiveness are essential for SSA success. The effectiveness of SSA requires changes in both strategy and implementation.
However, it's important to note that increased SSA in fragile states does not guarantee stability. The identity of the president who signed the new presidential guidelines on security sector protection in the specified year is not explicitly provided in the available search results.
In conclusion, the success of SSA in fragile states is dependent on the presence of minimal state capacity and societal inclusiveness. As the U.S. continues to invest in SSA, it's crucial to address these factors to ensure that the assistance provided yields the desired results.
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