Strengthening Resilience in the Security Arena
In the realm of global security, the United States plays a significant role in cooperating with central agencies to ensure stability and peace. Presidential Policy Directive 23 (PPD-23) outlines the key departments involved in this endeavor: the Department of Defense, Department of State, and the National Security Council.
One of the critical aspects of this security sector assistance (SSA) is societal inclusiveness. This principle is essential in the context of SSA, as it helps foster a sense of unity and cooperation within the communities that are being assisted.
The surge of forcibly displaced Central Americans on U.S. borders is a complex issue with multiple causes. However, the U.S. recognizes the importance of addressing these issues at their source, committing to helping these states fight internal threats to prevent them from crossing borders.
Guatemala, for instance, has seen an alarming increase in violent deaths, surpassing even the deadliest years of its 36-year civil war. This underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to achieve stability, not just increased SSA.
Studies have shown that SSA alone is not sufficient for achieving stability in fragile states. Achieving minimal state capacity and societal inclusiveness are necessary for SSA to be effective. The effectiveness of SSA is directly linked to these two factors.
The U.S. spent an estimated $18.5 billion on SSA in 2014, a figure that is two to three times more than it did 20 years ago. Despite this significant investment, increased SSA does not guarantee stability in fragile states. The ineffectiveness of SSA often results from a need for changes in strategy and implementation.
The effectiveness of SSA requires a holistic approach, addressing both strategy and implementation. This approach should consider the unique challenges and context of each state, tailoring the assistance to meet its specific needs.
SSA encompasses law enforcement support in addition to military support. After the 9/11 attacks, the U.S. accelerated efforts to improve police and military capacity, recognizing the importance of having capable and accountable security forces in fragile states.
The U.S. approach to global engagement includes building the capacity of partner states, especially fragile ones. This is not just about providing resources, but also about fostering sustainable growth and development. The U.S. sees weak, fragile, or failed states as reservoirs of insecurity, and thus, addressing these issues is crucial for global security.
However, it's important to note that the need for changes in SSA strategy and implementation has been highlighted in numerous studies. The effectiveness of SSA is contingent upon the presence of minimal state capacity and societal inclusiveness. Without these foundations, even the best-intentioned assistance may fall short of its intended goals.
In conclusion, the U.S. plays a vital role in global security through its SSA efforts. However, the effectiveness of these efforts is contingent upon a comprehensive approach, addressing both strategy and implementation, and ensuring minimal state capacity and societal inclusiveness. This approach is key to achieving stability in fragile states and ensuring global security.
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