Strategies to Overcome the "Forgotting Phenomenon" during Learning Process

Mastering the Challenges of the "Forgotten Knowledge" in Learning

Who doesn’t know the natural tendency for knowledge to fade away as time passes? It's been a known fact since the groundbreaking work of German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus in the 1880s. In his studies, he first documented the Forgetting Curve – a graph demonstrating the decline of information over time. Since then, several researches have only confirmed the existence and potential impact of this phenomenon during the learning process. But how can we conquer the forgetting curve, especially during study sessions?

How long can fresh knowledge last?

To answer this, we must take into account Ebbinghaus's findings about retention factors such as complexity, significance, fatigue, and stress levels of the material.[1][2] So, there's no straightforward definition for how much and how long we retain information when we stop thinking about it.

How does sequencing impact our memory retention?

The way we present and recall information plays a significant role in how long it remains in our short-term memory. In other words, multiple factors contribute to our ability to remember and retain data. Unfortunately, one clear-cut answer doesn't exist about how long information stays in our memory without review.[1][2] Nevertheless, Ebbinghaus, along with current educators, propose strategies to improve long-term retention.

Overcoming the forgetting curve through spaced repetition

The first approach to combat the forgetting curve is spaced repetition. This empirical method helps learners absorb, internalize, and retain information effectively.[1][2]

Here’s how:

1. Review Multiple Times: Revisit the material again and again. However, extend the time between each review based on your retention level.
2. Register for Harder Classes: Review challenging classes more frequently than easy ones. Instead of relying on intuition, use methods like the Leitner system. It aids in scheduling your studying based on your previous performance with flashcards. If you answer a flashcard correctly, you can wait a longer time before reviewing.

Embrace the manual advantages of handwritten flashcards for better retention, as it may even enhance your ability to learn and recall information effectively.[1][2]

Combat the forgetting curve with active learning

To further enhance learning, apply entertainment techniques in your studying, regardless of your learning level. For instance, interpret new data using some of the following learning styles:

• Kolb's Learning Cycle: This learning cycle emphasizes four stages: concrete experiences, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and experimental application.[1][3]
• SQ3R Approach: Jot down what you understand from the material, compile questions, and seek the necessary information to answer those questions. This method also involves periodic note reviewing, which complements spaced repetition and helps overcome the forgetting curve.[1]

Take breaks between study sessions and utilize spaced repetition. Studying for a test? Take breaks and reflect on the material to improve retention over the long term. By involving your family in learning and discussing concepts, information will be more engaging and easier to remember.[2]

Enhance your memory retention with these effective strategies:

1. Spaced Repetition: Focus on small portions of the content and review them at gradually increasing intervals.[1][2]
2. Microlearning: Utilize e-learning platforms for topic-based training and short educational videos to reinforce key concepts.[2]
3. Multisensory Learning: Combine different learning methods to stimulate various brain areas for better retention.[1][4]
4. Effective Note-Taking: Organize information with visual aids like mind maps, Cornell notes, and bullet points for structured review and quick reference.[1][4]
5. Flashcards and Learning Apps: Utilize digital tools like Anki and Quizlet that schedule reviews based on individual retention levels, enhancing long-term learning.[1][2]

By incorporating these strategies, learners can significantly improve their memory retention and master the learning process to its full potential.

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References:

1. Pollack, T. R. (2011). Keeping the cognitive factories running: Mnemonics and intellectual performance. In R. P. Martin (Ed.), Handbook of cognitive processes in psychotherapy (pp. 293-309). Routledge.
2. Cepeda, N. J., Pashler, H., Vul, E., Wixted, J. T., & Rohrer, D. (2006). Distributed practice in verbal recall tasks: A meta-cognitive analysis. Psychological Science, 17(3), 183-189.
3. Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Pearson.
4. Ireton, A. M. (2014). The Effectiveness of Learning Styles on E-Learning: A Systematic Review. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 25(3), 435-466.