Shift from disregard to action: African Union's tentative pledge to democracy in the European Union's southern region
The African Union (AU) has a formal commitment to constitutionalism and democracy, as outlined in its charter. However, a recent study reveals a complex picture of the AU's role in democracy promotion, particularly in response to regime changes in the EU's Southern Neighborhood.
The study focuses on the AU's response to the uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Sudan in 2011 and 2019. During these years, no regime changes in EU southern neighbor countries were attributable to the AU. Instead, the AU has primarily addressed regime changes within African states.
In African countries, the AU has applied the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG) and the principle of non-indifference. This principle entails the AU taking active measures against unconstitutional changes of government, including sanctions and mediation efforts to restore constitutional order.
However, the study suggests a pattern of selective enforcement by the AU, influenced by internal divisions, external pressures, and a preference for stability over democratic principles. The practical application of these norms by the AU has been inconsistent, leading to concerns about its credibility.
The AU also has anti-coup norms, yet its actions often deviate from these formal commitments. This inconsistency raises questions about the AU's ability to effectively promote democracy.
Despite these challenges, the AU's normative framework remains strong. The ACDEG and the principle of non-indifference provide a solid foundation for the AU's democracy promotion efforts. However, the study suggests that these mechanisms may not be as effective as intended.
In conclusion, while the AU has a strong commitment to democracy and constitutionalism, its practical application of these principles has been inconsistent. The study underscores the need for the AU to address its internal divisions and external pressures to effectively promote democracy and uphold its commitment to constitutionalism.
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