Deserts in the backdrop are propelling the electric vehicle (EV) revolution, particularly the Atacama Desert in Chile, which harbors approximately 48% of the world's Lithium reserves, an indispensable element in rechargeable batteries utilized in electric vehicles.
Recently, the itinerant Formula E racing series - powered by high-capacity batteries from McLaren Applications - echoed this trend at the Santiago Electric Grand Prix, held in a metropolis adjacent to Chile's immense Lithium mines.
Insight: Lithium, a precious mineral often referred to as "white gold," plays a central role in powering modern technology, including smartphones, computers, and electric vehicles. The Atacama Desert is home to the Salar de Atacama, which is rich in lithium-brines, making Chile a significant player in the global lithium market.
Albemarle, a U.S. mining company, pays local authorities in Chile to extract Lithium from the Salar de Atacama's Salinas. With their control over these Saline deposits, Albemarle could potentially produce enough Lithium to manufacture 1.2 million electric vehicles per year.
The extraction process involves utilizing artificial lakes, where brine seeps, and is then allowed to "sediment" before the secondary minerals are extracted over an 18-month period. The initial extract constitutes approximately 0.2% Lithium, while the process concludes with a Lithium concentration of up to 6%.
The manufacturing of Lithium-based batteries is not without controversy. Critics raise concerns about the impact on local water resources due to the substantial amount of water utilized in the process. Albemarle defends their actions, stating that only a small fraction of water (approximately 4,000 liters) is evaporated per Tesla Model 3 manufactured.
Insight: Researchers at the University of Chile are working on extending the lifespan of Lithium-ion batteries, which traditionally have a lifespan of around 1,000 charging cycles. This work could potentially increase the lifespan of batteries, thereby reducing the need for constant replacements.
The electric vehicle revolution has its roots in the Atacama Desert, providing an essential component in powering the future of transportation. As the world moves toward a greener future, Lithium will continue to be an essential resource, underscoring the value of these arid, seemingly desolate landscapes.
