Peru's Perspective on COP25: Latin America's Hopes Unveiled (Part V)
Peru, a country renowned for its diverse ecosystems, is grappling with escalating risks due to climate-induced changes in temperature and precipitation. Despite the general political will to combat climate change and comply with international obligations, the government's focus remains unclear, particularly in determining which sectors should contribute to the overarching goal.
Bruno Sanguinetti, the Director at CEDE, an NGO working on environmental projects throughout Peru, hopes to shed light on this issue. At COP25 in Madrid, he seeks an analysis of how Peru's National Determined Contributions (NDCs) are measured and compared on the international level. This analysis, he believes, will help manage the goal set by the government to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30% by 2030.
However, the government's plan to construct new and larger hydropower dams is met with criticism. This strategy is out of touch with the technological advances that other electricity generation technologies have made in recent years. For instance, the target to reforest 3,2 million hectares in Peru has not been met, highlighting the challenges in implementing effective climate policies.
The main reason for these difficulties is the absence of a functioning public policy planning mechanism in Peru. Many policy makers and public servants lack a full understanding of the dimensions and implications of climate change for the country. Additionally, there is uncertainty over which governance level, national or subnational, has responsibility for executing specific climate policies.
To address these issues, Sanguinetti advocates for active engagement in in-depth capacity measures directed towards Peru's public sector on both the national and subnational level. These measures should look at both the planning and execution phases and how to intelligently administer and spend financial resources to provide a holistic approach to combating climate change.
The government of Peru has put forward a national climate strategy with four key criteria: institutions and governance, evaluation, financing, and capacity building measures. However, the concern is that the government lacks the necessary know-how to effectively implement this strategy.
Moreover, migration to the Amazon area for jobs in the agribusiness or mining sector effectively contributes to deforestation in newly inhabited areas, undermining Peru's climate goals. The education, capacity building, and research sectors in Peru have seen an absolute reduction, making it difficult to expect much innovation to happen, despite the new buzzword of "innovation".
In conclusion, Peru faces significant challenges in its fight against climate change, primarily due to a lack of understanding, planning, and execution capacities within its public sector. Active engagement in capacity measures and a focus on innovation and research are crucial steps towards achieving the country's climate goals.
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