Only 14% of global cities meet WHO's strict air quality standards in 2025
Air pollution remains a global crisis, with only a small fraction of cities meeting safety standards. The 2025 World Air Quality Report analysed 8,218 cities and found just 14% complied with the WHO's strict guidelines. Most regions continue to struggle with dangerously high levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The report revealed stark differences in air quality across the world. Oceania recorded the highest share of cities meeting the WHO's annual PM2.5 limit of 5 μg/m³. Meanwhile, South Asia and parts of Africa suffered the worst pollution, with concentrations far above safe levels.
Pakistan ranked as the most polluted country, its PM2.5 levels drastically exceeding WHO recommendations. Bangladesh and India followed closely, with multiple cities recording hazardous air quality. Rapid industrialisation, vehicle emissions, and seasonal crop burning were key factors behind the poor readings.
Worldwide, only 13 countries and territories met the WHO standard. In Europe, Andorra, Estonia, and Iceland were the sole nations to achieve safe PM2.5 levels. The report also noted a decline in compliance, dropping from 17% of cities in 2024 to just 14% in 2025.
Long-term exposure to high PM2.5 levels has been linked to serious health issues, including respiratory and heart diseases. Experts stress that cutting emissions from transport, industry, and energy production is essential to reducing risks and improving air quality. The findings highlight a worsening trend in global air quality, with few regions meeting safety benchmarks. Just 1,148 of the 8,218 surveyed cities complied with WHO guidelines, underscoring the need for stronger pollution controls. Reducing emissions from key sources remains critical to protecting public health worldwide.
