Lingering in the Haze of Recollections: Lomer Gouin
Lomer Gouin: A Pioneer in Quebec's History
Lomer Gouin, a prominent figure in Quebec's history, served as the province's premier from 1905 to 1920. Known for his efforts to modernize the province and promote economic development, Gouin's legacy is still remembered today.
Gouin's political career began in earnest when he became the prime minister of Quebec. During his tenure, he faced turbulence during the Conscription Crisis in 1917, but he gave a speech in favour of national unity. His governance also coincided with the rapid urbanization of Quebec during World War I.
One of Gouin's most significant achievements was the annexation of the Ungava district, including today's Nunavik, in 1912. The acquisition of Ungava was the result of three years of difficult negotiations between Quebec and Ottawa. This move doubled the size of Quebec's territory, but the development of hydroelectric power in Ungava seemed secondary at the time compared to the minerals that were expected to be extracted.
Gouin is now mainly recognized for the annexation of Ungava, but his political ambitions extended beyond this achievement. He aimed to take a first step towards getting the clergy out of the education system. He initiated the quiet secularization of the Quebec state through technical schools and HEC.
Gouin's career in Ottawa was disappointing, with Ernest Lapointe leading the show instead. After resigning as prime minister in 1920 due to health problems, he served as Minister of Justice in the Mackenzie King cabinet from 1921 to 1924.
Gouin's life was marked by significant events. In 1925, he accepted the honorary post of Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec. However, his health issues caught up with him, and he died of an angina attack in 1929 after insisting on climbing a staircase instead of using an elevator.
Henri Bourassa was a contemporary visionary who announced that Quebec would become 'the largest producer of electrical energy in North America.' Gouin, too, foresaw the challenges a sovereign Quebec would face, listing them in 1918, including lack of access to the sea during winter months and defending a vast border.
Gouin's political career also led to the Francœur motion, although he is not often associated with it. He entrusted Joseph-Napoléon Francœur with the deposit of a motion proposing the breakup of the 1867 federal pact.
In summary, Lomer Gouin was a liberal premier who led Quebec for 15 years from 1905 to 1920. His legacy is marked by his efforts to modernize the province, promote economic development, and take steps towards secularization. Despite facing challenges and disappointments, Gouin's contributions to Quebec's history continue to be remembered and celebrated.
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