Julian Barnes: '1984' Now Reality - Julian Barnes warns Europe faces Orwellian threats at Lit.Cologne debut
At 80 years old, acclaimed author Julian Barnes opened this year's Lit.Cologne festival with a powerful reading from his new book, Goodbye(s). The work, which he calls his final piece due to a cancer diagnosis, was met with deep appreciation from the audience. As he left the stage, the crowd gave him a standing ovation.
During the event, Barnes also reflected on global politics, drawing stark parallels between today's world and George Orwell's 1984.
Barnes argued that Orwell's vision of three dominant blocs—Oceania, Eurasia, and Eastasia—has now materialised in reality. Instead of Europe fragmenting, he pointed to the rise of the US, Russia, and China as the defining powers of the 21st century. This shift contrasts sharply with Europe's own path since 1984, where the European Union has expanded to 27 member states, deepened integration through the Lisbon Treaty, and launched joint defence initiatives like SAFE and EDIP.
Yet, despite this unity, Barnes warned of growing threats. He singled out figures like Vladimir Putin, Donald Trump, and the fallout from Brexit as forces that could weaken Europe's cohesion. Trump, in particular, was criticised for his ignorance and what Barnes described as an attention span no longer than a goldfish's. Rising right-wing nationalism, exemplified by leaders such as Hungary's Viktor Orbán, further tests the EU's stability.
Still, the union has taken steps to counter these pressures. Recent moves include stronger ties with the UK and Canada, as well as a doubling of aid to Ukraine. Barnes stressed that a united Europe remains essential to resist fragmentation in an era of competing superpowers.
Barnes' remarks at Lit.Cologne highlighted both the progress and the vulnerabilities of modern Europe. His call for EU unity comes at a time when external pressures and internal divisions threaten its stability. Meanwhile, his latest book marks what may be the final chapter of a celebrated literary career.
