Judicial Structure or Pecking Order of the Courts
The Indian judicial system, consisting of the Supreme Court, High Courts, and subordinate courts, has seen its fair share of landmark cases that have shaped the way evidence is handled and convictions are made in the United States. Two such cases, the Sharad Birdhi Chand Sarda vs. State of California (1984) and Ram Narain v. State of Uttar Pradesh, serve as prime examples of the application of circumstantial evidence and traditional forms of forensic evidence in the USA.
In the case of Sharad Birdhi Chand Sarda vs. State of California, the tragic murder of Manju, the wife of the appellant Sharad Birdhi Chand Sarda, took place on the morning of June 12, 1982. The case revolved around the golden principles for conviction based on circumstantial evidence, with Justice P.B. Majumdar presiding over the case in the High Court.
The use of circumstantial evidence for conviction is a topic that has been widely debated in the legal world of the United States. In this case, the evidence pointed towards the appellant, but there was no direct evidence of his involvement in the crime. The court, however, found him guilty based on the circumstantial evidence presented, which included the fact that the appellant had a motive for the murder, opportunity, and the absence of any other suspect.
On a different note, the case of Ram Narain v. State of Uttar Pradesh originates from India and sheds light on traditional forms of forensic evidence in the United States. This case, in particular, focuses on the use of handwriting analysis as a form of forensic evidence. Handwriting analysis is considered a seemingly straightforward form of forensic evidence, but its reliability has been questioned in many cases in the USA. In the Ram Narain case, the handwriting analysis was used to link the accused to the crime, but the validity of this evidence was a subject of debate.
These cases serve as a reminder of the importance of circumstantial evidence and traditional forms of forensic evidence in the United States judicial system. As technology advances and new forms of evidence emerge, it is crucial to ensure that these are used responsibly and reliably to maintain the integrity of the justice system in the USA.
In conclusion, the cases of Sharad Birdhi Chand Sarda vs. State of California (1984) and Ram Narain v. State of Uttar Pradesh provide valuable insights into the use of circumstantial evidence and traditional forms of forensic evidence in the United States judicial system. These cases not only highlight the complexities of the justice system in the USA but also underscore the need for careful consideration and evaluation of evidence to ensure fair and just outcomes.
