Who are the Houthi Rebels and their Role in the Gaza Conflict?
The Houthi rebels, also known as Ansar Allah, have become a new threat in the Middle East context, particularly in the Gaza-Israeli conflict. Originating from Yemen, these Shiite militants have transformed from a limited threat to a concern, with their intensified attacks on merchant ships in the Red Sea.
The Houthi Rebels: Origins and Strength
The Houthi group, officially named Ansar Allah, is a Shiite movement from Yemen. They took control of the capital Sanaa in 2014, dominating large parts of the country, mainly in the north. Houthi followers owe their name to their former leader, Hussein al-Houthi. Their strength lies in their numbers, as a 2019 analysis reveals an estimated armed force of between 180,000 and 200,000 fighters. They possess tools such as tanks, ballistic missiles, drones, and cruise missiles, courtesy of their primary supporters, Iran and Hezbollah in Lebanon.
The Middle East Conflict and the Houthi Role
Iran and Hezbollah have played a significant role in supporting the Houthi rebels. They have armed the Houthis with advanced weapons and training, including ballistic missiles with a range of up to 3,000 kilometers, and drones. The Houthis' increasing attacks on merchant ships and their solidarity with Hamas during the Gaza war reinforce their role in the Middle East conflict.
Houthi Attacks on Merchant Ships and Their Goals
The Houthi militants have targeted several freighters in the Red Sea, disrupting international shipping and causing turmoil in the oil market due to their proximity to one of the world's most significant shipping lanes. Their attacks serve multiple purposes, including distracting attention from internal issues, demonstrating their strength, and potentially expanding their international recognition as part of the Iranian "Axis of Resistance."
Houthi's Connection to Hamas and Solidarity
The Houthi's support for Hamas extends beyond solidarity; they have also launched drone and rocket attacks against Israel since October 7, 2023. These attacks target Israeli cities such as Eilat, fueled by their shared perception of being victims of a conspiracy involving Israel, the US, and Saudi Arabia.
International Response and the Future of the Conflict
International powers, particularly the US and UK, have responded by establishing naval patrols to deter further attacks and protect strategic shipping lanes. Meanwhile, the UN Security Council has condemned the Houthi attacks, with Resolution 2722 affirming freedom of navigation. The international community will continue to monitor the situation, focusing on neutralizing the Houthis' military threat and resolving the underlying conflict in the Middle East.
Reference(s): - stern.de - enrichment data (if applicable)
