India’s NSG membership bid exposes deep rifts in global nuclear governance
The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), a 48-member body controlling most global nuclear exports, faces growing pressure over its membership rules. Founded in 1975 to stop civilian nuclear trade from fuelling weapons programmes, the group now grapples with geopolitical tensions and climate concerns. India’s long-standing bid for entry—backed by the US but blocked by some members—highlights deep divisions over how the NSG balances non-proliferation with energy needs.
India first sought NSG membership in 2016, arguing its growing energy demands and climate commitments justify inclusion. The US supports the bid, but resistance remains strong. Critics point out that India has not signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and does not apply full-scope safeguards under the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). A 2008 exemption for India further stirred unease, with some members fearing it weakened the distinction between nuclear-armed and non-nuclear states.
The NSG’s challenge is balancing non-proliferation goals with the urgent need for clean energy in climate-vulnerable regions. Without clearer criteria, its decisions risk appearing politically driven rather than rule-based. How it handles India’s membership—and similar future requests—will determine its role in both nuclear security and global emissions reduction.
