India strengthens Africa ties while tackling governance and climate challenges
Recent developments in governance, fiscal policy, and international cooperation have highlighted key challenges and initiatives for India. From constitutional debates over legislative assent to strategic economic partnerships with Africa, the country is navigating complex issues while advancing sustainability and financial stability.
The Supreme Court has underscored the principle of 'constitutional morality' in discussions around the Governor's role in assenting to Bills. While discretionary powers exist, they are limited and situational. Indefinite delays in granting assent raise constitutional concerns, potentially affecting governance and testing Centre-State relations. Reserving Bills for the President remains an exception rather than routine practice.
On the fiscal front, India's consolidation roadmap under the FRBM Act aims to gradually reduce the fiscal deficit and public debt. Despite pressures to tighten spending, capital expenditure is being prioritised to support long-term growth. However, rising interest payments—now a major part of revenue expenditure—reflect increased borrowing since the pandemic.
In sustainability, the National Green Hydrogen Mission targets decarbonisation in hard-to-abate sectors like steel and fertilisers. Meanwhile, Heat Action Plans are being strengthened to build urban resilience against worsening heat waves linked to climate change.
Internationally, India's engagement with Africa under South-South cooperation has seen progress. The Food Corporation of India's five-year agreement with the World Food Programme (2021–2026) has delivered 1.2 million tonnes of rice to the continent, making Africa the largest recipient. Lines of Credit are also fostering mutual economic growth between the regions.
These developments reflect India's efforts to balance constitutional obligations, fiscal discipline, and climate action while deepening ties with Africa. The outcomes will shape governance efficiency, economic stability, and international partnerships in the coming years.
