Hidden Cold Danger: Chilblains Strike as Arctic Air Sweeps the U.S.

It doesn’t take freezing weather to cause harm. A silent threat lurks in chilly air, leaving itchy, burning patches on fingers and toes—here’s how to protect yourself.

, and ASMedia

2026 January 24 . 9:34 PM

1 min read

The image shows a close up of a carline thistle flower covered in snow. The flower is surrounded by... — The image shows a close up of a carline thistle flower covered in snow. The flower is surrounded by a few other plants in the background, which are also covered in a layer of snow.

Hidden Cold Danger: Chilblains Strike as Arctic Air Sweeps the U.S.

A surge of Arctic air is sweeping across much of the U.S., bringing warnings about frostbite and hypothermia. Alongside these risks, health experts are also highlighting the threat of chilblains—a painful skin condition triggered by cold, damp conditions.

Chilblains, sometimes called pernio, appear as itchy, tender patches on the skin. They can develop even when temperatures stay above freezing, making them a hidden danger during cold snaps.

Chilblains often form on fingers, toes, ears, or the nose. The patches may become inflamed, causing stinging, burning, or sharp pain. Symptoms can appear hours or even a day after exposure to cold.

The exact cause remains unclear, but researchers suspect an abnormal blood vessel response to low temperatures. When skin warms up too quickly after being cold, small blood vessels may leak fluid, leading to swelling and irritation.

Certain groups face higher risks. Women aged 15 to 30, underweight individuals, and those with circulation problems—such as Raynaud’s disease or varicose veins—are more vulnerable. People with autoimmune conditions like lupus, smokers, and those with anaemia or weakened immune systems also face greater danger. Previous COVID-19 infection may increase susceptibility as well.

Most cases resolve within weeks without lasting damage. Treatment focuses on symptom relief, though doctors may prescribe oral or topical medications if needed. Prevention is key: wearing warm, dry clothing, covering exposed skin, and rewarming gradually can reduce the risk.

Unlike frostbite, chilblains don’t require freezing temperatures to develop. Even damp, chilly air can trigger the condition, making awareness crucial during prolonged cold spells.

With Arctic air gripping large parts of the country, health officials urge people to take precautions. Proper clothing and careful rewarming can help avoid chilblains. While the condition usually heals on its own, severe cases may need medical attention to manage pain and prevent complications.