Greenland’s Rising Role in Arctic Power Struggles and Resource Wars
Greenland’s strategic position in the Arctic has placed it at the centre of growing global tensions. As climate change reduces Arctic ice, the island’s role in trade, security, and resource extraction is becoming more critical. Nations like the U.S., China, and Russia are now increasing their focus on the region.
Greenland sits at a crossroads for both defence and commerce. Its location helps protect North Atlantic shipping routes and acts as a gateway to North America. The island also guards part of the GIUK Gap, a key area where NATO tracks Russian naval activity.
The U.S. already operates the Pituffik Space Base in Greenland, which supports missile defence and space surveillance. Meanwhile, Denmark is boosting its military presence in the region with new Arctic naval ships and drones.
Russia has been expanding its Arctic influence by restoring old Soviet bases and constructing new facilities. China, too, has declared itself a 'near-Arctic state' and plans a 'Polar Silk Road' as part of its global Belt and Road Initiative. Both countries see the Arctic as a vital area for future trade and military reach.
Greenland’s vast deposits of rare earth minerals—essential for phones, computers, and batteries—have drawn further attention. The U.S. aims to reduce reliance on Chinese mineral exports and has appointed a special envoy to engage in Greenland’s resource development. China previously tried to secure mining deals, but progress has been slow due to Greenland’s harsh climate and strict environmental rules.
The competition for influence in Greenland reflects broader geopolitical shifts. Military build-ups, resource extraction plans, and trade route ambitions are reshaping the Arctic’s future. As tensions rise, the island’s strategic importance is only set to grow.
