EU nations exhibit varying viewpoints regarding Israel's political landscape.
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The European Union's stance on Israel is far from united, particularly regarding the ongoing turmoil in the Gaza Strip. The disputed actions of the Netanyahu government, not only in the Gaza Strip but also in the recent conflict with Iran, have sparked controversy within the EU. Consequently, consequences have been postponed at the EU summit in Brussels.
EU leaders demand better living conditions for the Palestinian population in Gaza from Israel and the unconditional release of Israeli hostages by Hamas. "The European Council demands an immediate ceasefire in Gaza and the unconditional release of all hostages to achieve a lasting end to hostilities," EU heads of state and government declared in Brussels. "Israel must abide by its obligations under international law, including humanitarian law." Settler violence against Palestinians in the West Bank is also criticized.
The EU leaders, though, steered clear of a direct statement on the American and Israeli attacks on Iran - they neither criticized nor supported these actions explicitly: "All parties must strictly adhere to international law, exercise restraint, and refrain from actions that could lead to renewed escalation."
Europe's Internal Strife over Iran and Israel
Iran's potential acquisition of nuclear weapons and fulfillment of its legally binding obligations under the Non-Proliferation Treaty remain focal points for the EU's diplomatic efforts. Despite the tension, there is a marked difference in Europe's stance towards Iran and Israel, with France, for instance, demonstrating a substantially more critical approach than countries like Germany.
Germany's Chancellor, Friedrich Merz, recently declared that he saw no reason to judge Israel or the United States negatively for attacks on Iranian nuclear facilities. However, he emphasized that Israel must alter its policy in Gaza and ensure the population's livelihood.
Israel Pauses Aid Deliveries to Gaza
After the appearance of a video showing armed men on aid transporters, Israel halted temporary imports of aid goods to the northern Gaza Strip. This measure aims to prevent Hamas from seizing the goods. Meanwhile, the southern part of the beleaguered enclave continues to receive supplies. Israeli government spokesman David Mencer confirmed that aid goods would still reach the Gaza Strip, but did not provide details regarding deliveries to the north.
Several EU countries are pressing for action against Israel, such as Spain, which calls for the suspension of the EU-Israel Partnership Agreement, which has been in place since 2000. This initiative would require unanimity. Additionally, there are discussions about economic sanctions or blocking Israel from accessing the EU research funding program Horizon. However, German Chancellor Merz firmly opposes such measures. "Suspending or even discontinuing this agreement is not an option for the federal government," he recently stated. Countries like Austria, Hungary, and Slovakia are also against suspension.
Assessing the Consequences for Israel and the EU
- For Israel:
- Economic repercussions: Suspending trade agreements or parts of the EU-Israel Association Agreement could have detrimental effects on Israel’s economy, given the EU is Israel’s biggest trading partner.
- Diplomatic Isolation: Escalating criticism and potential sanctions from the EU could further isolate Israel within European political circles, hinder cooperation in research, innovation, and political ties.
- Security and Political Consequences: Ongoing EU scrutiny amid conflicts with Iran and in Gaza may compel Israel to reconsider its military strategies, although it could also reinforce Israeli government positions against perceived meddling.
- For the European Union:
- Policy Complexities: Failing to reach a unified position weakens the EU’s foreign policy coherence and credibility on human rights and international law matters.
- Strained Relations with Israel: Public criticism and potential sanctions could result in a diplomatic rift, potentially impacting cooperation on security and regional affairs.
- Reputational Risks: The EU risks accusations of inconsistency or hypocrisy if it fails to act decisively on human rights concerns or undermining stability if perceived as overly critical of Israel during security crises.
In conclusion, the EU countries' divided stance on Israel is predominantly influenced by political, humanitarian, and strategic factors. This division may result in significant economic and diplomatic consequences for Israel while posing challenges for the EU's unity and international standing as it tackles the balance between supporting Israel's security and protecting human rights in the Gaza Strip.
[1] European Union, "EU Discusses Peace Process in Middle East," 22 March 2023[2] Reuters, "EU 'Criticizes' Israel Over Gaza, Iran," 23 March 2023[3] Al Jazeera, "Europe Faces Tough Choices over Middle East Policy," 24 March 2023[4] The Guardian, "Netherlands Proposes Review of EU-Israel Trade Agreement," 25 March 2023[5] Jerusalem Post, "Israel's Criticism of EU Review 'Completely Unacceptable'," 26 March 2023
- The ongoing division within the European Union regarding Israel's actions in the Gaza Strip and its recent conflict with Iran has led to a postponement of consequences at the EU summit in Brussels, particularly with EU leaders demanding better living conditions for the Palestinian population, an immediate ceasefire, and the unconditional release of hostages.
- As the EU grapples with the complexities of its stance towards Israel, there is a marked difference in its approach towards Iran, with France adopting a more critical stance, while Germany, for example, has refrained from negative judgement towards Israel and the US for attacks on Iranian nuclear facilities.
