Disappeared Mexican States: Where Did They Fade Away?
In the early days of independent Mexico, the country underwent various political changes, with numerous states coming into existence and then dissolving. Let's take a journey through some of these historical states, starting with Nuevo León y Coahuila.
Nuevo León and Coahuila existed as a single entity until 1864, when their leader, Santiago Vidaurri, was executed for siding with the Second Mexican Empire. Vidaurri, a military leader from Nuevo León, unilaterally annexed Coahuila in 1856, forming the state of Nuevo León y Coahuila. This state was officially ratified as a state in the Constitution of 1857.
Coahuila, historically known as the "home of wine in the Americas," was part of the Internal State of the East during Mexico's early republican period. Sinaloa y Sonora, one of three Internal States created in early independent Mexico, was also part of this region. The states of Sinaloa and Sonora separated in 1830, becoming the first states to do so in the federation.
In 1840, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas formed the separatist Republic of the Rio Grande due to a wave of secessionist movements. Meanwhile, Sinaloa y Sonora, which once included part of modern-day Arizona, became the Internal State of the West.
The Province of the Isthmus was declared in 1823, encompassing districts of Acayucan and Tehuantepec in present-day Veracruz and Oaxaca. However, conflict arose in the Province of the Isthmus due to the government's attempt to distribute resources without consulting the Indigenous Zapotec majority. The province was re-founded in 1852 by Juan José Flores, but it was dissolved again in 1855 during the Porfiriato.
Central America, which reached its historic territorial extent in 1822 when it joined Mexico, was not universally accepted. Some Central Americans took up arms against annexation to Mexico, leading to conflict. Central America peacefully declared independence from Spain in September 1821 and favoured annexation into the Mexican Empire, a constitutional monarchy. Agustin de Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico, invited Central America to join Mexico, which Guatemala City accepted in January 1822. However, not all Central Americans agreed with this decision, leading to further conflict.
The State of the East, under the Constitutive Act of 1824, encompassed Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and Texas. The Captaincy-General of Guatemala, under Spanish rule, consisted of the territories that are now Chiapas, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
These historical states provide a fascinating insight into Mexico's early political history, demonstrating the country's complex and dynamic past. From the separatist Republic of the Rio Grande to the conflict-ridden Province of the Isthmus, each state tells a unique story in Mexico's rich tapestry of history.
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