Clarity offered on the point that a ceasefire does not imply the resolution of border disputes
Following intense conflict between Thailand and Cambodia that escalated through May to July 2025, both nations declared an immediate and unconditional ceasefire on July 28, 2025. The ceasefire, mediated by Malaysia and observed by the United States and China, was agreed upon to be implemented at midnight [2][3][5].
The ceasefire agreement includes several key mechanisms. Both sides have agreed to halt all hostilities, keep forces in current positions, and avoid reinforcements. A temporary observation team, led by a Malaysian military attaché and composed of military observers from multiple countries, monitors compliance and investigates ceasefire violations. Both governments have also committed to preventing military provocations and spreading fake news, fostering peaceful dialogue [2].
Acting Prime Minister Phumtham Wechayachai of Thailand clarified that he did not comply with anyone's demands but had to prevent further damage. He explained that the ceasefire was a first step to pave the way for diplomatic dialogue [1]. Despite these frameworks, reports indicate local-level tensions persist, with security forces on both sides reinforcing positions and remaining ready for potential conflicts.
The key underlying issues are longstanding territorial disputes dating back decades, including differing interpretations of the border demarcation and ownership of culturally significant sites such as the Temple of Preah Vihear. Negotiations also plan to include the establishment of a joint boundary committee to work on border demarcation, with initial meetings beginning in early August 2025 [4].
Phumtham appeared frustrated when asked why he agreed to the ceasefire despite previously stating it would only occur after Cambodian troops withdrew and removed heavy weaponry. He urged continued talks under military-led mechanisms and stressed that the ceasefire between Thailand and Cambodia is not the end of the conflict [1].
The ceasefire was reached during peace talks in Putrajaya, Malaysia, with backing from international actors including the United States, China, and ASEAN. Phumtham Wechayachai and Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet led the negotiations [6]. The ceasefire was necessary to halt damage to civilian lives and property before further talks could be held [7].
While the ceasefire and negotiation mechanisms represent positive steps, expert commentary cautions that without addressing the root causes and entrenched political factors, the conflict’s escalation remains a risk [1][4]. Thailand notably prefers resolving disputes through bilateral mechanisms and has historically rejected international court jurisdiction for these matters [4]. As such, any lasting resolution depends on sustained diplomatic engagement, effective monitoring, and confidence-building measures.
In summary, the negotiations currently focus on maintaining the ceasefire through third-party monitoring and continued dialogue while preparing to address border issues through bilateral committees. However, the situation remains tense with no comprehensive peace settlement yet achieved.
- The international community, including the United States, China, and ASEAN, played a significant role in mediating the ceasefire between Thailand and Cambodia, signifying the importance of international policy and legislation in resolving war-and-conflicts.
- General news outlets have reported local-level tensions persisting despite the ceasefire, raising concerns about crime-and-justice incidents involving security forces on both sides.
- As both nations focus on addressing border issues through bilateral committees, the politics of maintaining diplomatic engagement, effective monitoring, and confidence-building measures will be crucial for a lasting resolution to the Cambodia-Thailand conflict.
